From file management to system administration and network configuration, these Linux commands handle a broad range of activities. Comprehending and utilizing these commands is important for effective Linux system administration and operation.
File and Directory Management:
ls- List files and directories in the current directory.cd- Change the current working directory.pwd- Print the current working directory path.mkdir- Create a new directory.rmdir- Remove an empty directory.rm- Remove files or directories.cp- Copy files or directories.mv- Move or rename files and directories.touch- Create an empty file or update the timestamp of an existing file.find- Search for files and directories.grep- Search for text patterns in files.cat- Display the contents of a file.more- Display file content page by page.less- Display file content with backward navigation.head- Display the beginning of a file.tail- Display the end of a file.ln- Create hard or symbolic links to files.
File Permissions:
chmod- Change file permissions.chown- Change file ownership.chgrp- Change the group of a file.
User and Group Management:
useradd- Add a new user.userdel- Delete a user.passwd- Change user password.groupadd- Add a new group.groupdel- Delete a group.usermod- Modify user properties.groups- Display group memberships.id- Display user and group IDs.
System Information:
uname- Display system information.hostname- Display or set the system hostname.df- Display disk space usage.du- Display directory space usage.free- Display system memory usage.
Process Management:
ps- List running processes.top- Display real-time system information.kill- Terminate processes.bg- Run processes in the background.fg- Bring background processes to the foreground.nohup- Run a command immune to hangups.shutdown- Shut down or restart the system.
File Compression and Archiving:
tar- Archive files.gzip- Compress files using gzip.gunzip- Decompress gzip files.zip- Create compressed zip archives.unzip- Extract files from zip archives.
Network Configuration:
ifconfig- Display and configure network interfaces.ping- Test network connectivity.ssh- Securely access remote systems.netstat- Display network statistics.route- Manage network routes.
Text Processing:
sed- Stream editor for text manipulation.awk- Text processing language.cut- Remove sections from lines of files.sort- Sort lines of text files.wc- Count words, lines, and characters.
Package Management:
apt- Package handling utility (Debian-based systems).yum- Package manager (Red Hat-based systems).dpkg- Debian package manager.rpm- Red Hat package manager.
File Transfer:
scp- Securely copy files between systems.
These commands are fundamental for Linux users and system administrators.